The maritime zones recognized under international law include internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone eez, the continental shelf, the high seas and the area. The territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones act, 1976 long title. Exchange of notes between the united republic of tanzania and kenya concerning the delimitation of the territorial waters boundary between the two states, 17 december 1975 9 july 1976. Power to tax in territorial waters legal service india. The territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1976. In a narrower sense, the term is used as a synonym for the territorial sea. While referring to territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones act, 1976, it stated that it notifies that india alone has sovereign power over its territorial waters, sea bed, the underlying subsoil and air space over such waters. Territorial sea, contiguous zone, and exclusive economic. Maritime territories as per unclos territorial waters. Mediterranean sea in relation to maritime zones, including the challenges that prevent full. Whicreas it is expedient further to amend the territorial waters and. The territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones act, 1976.
Territorial waters and contiguous zone act to extend the territorial waters of malta and to make provision for a contiguous zone. Territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 united nations convention on the law of the sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles 22. Territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1976 lxxxii of 1976, the federal government is pleased to specify below the baseline from which the limits of the territorial waters, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf shall be. Short title and commencement 1 this act may be called the territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1976. Section 8 prescribes rules for the delimitation of maritime boundaries between pakistan and states having coasts opposite or adjacent to those of pakistan. In this act, unless there is anything repugnant to the subject or context. Territorial sea and eez act 1977 pacific islands forum. Section 2 k of the admiralty act 2017 defines territorial waters that shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in the territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones act, 1976 80 of 1976. This is a wellorganized treatise on a subject which has acquired a renewed in.
It codifies the law relating to offences committed in the territorial waters of. Internal waters are all the waters that fall landward of the baseline, such as lakes, rivers, and tidewaters. Whereas clause 2 of article 143 of the constitution provides that parliament may, from time to time, by law provide for the determination of the territorial waters and the continental shelf of bangladesh. Lxxxii of 1976 31 an act to provide for the declaration of the territorial waters and maritime zones of pakistan. The territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive. Territorial sea, contiguous zone, and exclusive economic zone amendment act 2000 2000 no 84 fisheries act 1996 1996 no 88. Territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1976 of 22. The breadth of the territorial sea, contiguous zone, and eez and in some cases the continental shelf is measured from the baseline. States have the same sovereign jurisdiction over internal waters as they do over other territory. The territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1976 josh. In this act, unless the context otherwise requires, a exclusive economic zone of india means the exclusive economic zone of india in accordance with the provisions of section 7 of the territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones act, 1976 80 of 1976. The emergence of international law, early european authors, the nationstate system, the enforcement of international law, the effectiveness of international law, the weakness of international law, the juridical basis of international law, the future of international law and material sources of. The clauses of the convention are specific to region and each member state interprets its legal strategy for its eez in its own manner. Whereas it is expedient to provide for the declaration of the territorial waters and maritime zones of pakistan and for matters connected therewith.
There are currently no known outstanding effects for the territorial waters jurisdiction act 1878. John dewey columbia university the law of territorial waters and maritime jurisdiction. Territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1976 lxxxii of 1976, the federal government is pleased to specify below the baseline from which the limits of the territorial waters, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf shall be measured, namely. In colloquial usage, the term may include the continental.
The territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic. There is no right of innocent passage through internal waters. In this act, unless the context otherwise requires, exclusive economic zone of india means exclusive economic zones of india in accordance with the provisions of section 7 of the territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones act, 1976. Page 1 national legislation doalosola united nations asdf territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1976 of 22 december 1976 short title and commencement. An offence committed by a person, whether he is or is not a subject of her majesty, on the open sea within the territorial waters of her majestys dominions, is an offence within the jurisdiction of the admiral, although it may have been. The law applicable to the continental shelf and in the. Contiguous zone 1 the contiguous zone of the republic is that zone contiguous to. Section 41 of this act deals with right to innocent passage within the territorial sea of india. Xlvi of 1975, xxiv of 1978, xxviii of 1981, i of 2002, x of 2005 and xxix of 2014. Thus, the exclusive economic zones includes the contiguous zone. Contiguous zone 1 the contiguous zone of the republic is that zone contiguous to the territorial sea which. The maritime zones of india department of animal husbandry.
Territorial water, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone, and other marine zones act, 1976 water prevention and control of pollution act, 1977 maritime zones of india regulation and fishing by foreign vessels act, 1900, 1980 forest conservation act, 1980 environmental protection act, 1986 coastal zone regulation. Territorial waters jurisdiction act 1878 wikipedia. Territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1976 of 22 december 1976 short title and commencement 1. This act may be called the territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1974. The short title of this act is the territorial waters and short title. It stretches from the baseline out to 200 nautical miles nmi from its coast. This act may be cited as the territorial waters jurisdiction act 1878.
Besides this, there is a national legislation governing the coastal regions within the sovereignty of india known as the territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones act, 1976. Exchange of notes between the united republic of tanzania and kenya concerning the delimitation of the territorial waters boundary between the two states, 17 december 1975 9 july 1976 mauritania. Territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1974 act no. An exclusive economic zone eez is a sea zone prescribed by the 1982 united nations convention on the law of the sea over which a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind. Territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1976 the css. Territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1976 act no. Act relating to the breadth of the territorial waters and to the zone of supervision, july 19, 1934.
An act to provide for the declaration of the territorial waters and maritime zones. Treaty fixing the maritime boundaries between the republic of the gambia and the republic of senegal kenya tanzania. Section 228 indian customs waters means the waters extending into the sea up to the limit of contiguous zone of india under section 5 of the territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones act, 1976 and includes any bay, gulf, harbour, creek or tidal river. Short title and commencement 1 this act may be cited as the territorial sea and exclusive economic zone act 1977. This act may be called the territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1976. An act of parliament to consolidate the law relating to the territorial waters and the continental shelf of kenya. The territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other 1aritime zones ac t, 1976. View also territorialwaterscontinentalseezoneandothermaritmezoneact1976. For years indias territorial waters 1 and continental shelf 2 were governed by proclamations issued by the president of india. Regulation of conduct of foreign ships in the territorial waters. An act to provide for certain matters relating to the territorial waters continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones of india. At the regional level the 1976 the convention for the protection of the.
Internal waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone eez and. Changes to legislation revised legislation carried on this site may not be fully up to date. Territorial sea, contiguous zone, and exclusive economic zone. Territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and. Exclusive economic zone an overview sciencedirect topics. Geographyexclusive economic zone of india upsctree. The territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones act, 1976, act no. Territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other aritme zones act, 1976. Customs, immigration and quarantine laws apply up to the contiguous zone exclusive economic zone baseline to. Contiguous zone 1 the contiguous zone of the republic is that zone contiguous to the territorial sea which may not. Contiguous zone 12nm to 24nm a zone of the sea beyond the territorial seas of a nation, over which it claims exclusive rights. The exclusive economic zone act was adopted already in 1976, which is.
Internal waters the waters on the landward side of the baseline of the territorial sea form part of the internal waters of the republic. According to the maritime zone act, 1976, the maritime zones of india are divided into five coast guard regions, with the indian coast guard icg responsible for the enforcement of. The term territorial waters is sometimes used informally to refer to any area of water over which a state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and potentially the continental shelf. This content is exclusively provided by fao faolex ecolex section 8 prescribes rules for the delimitation of maritime boundaries between pakistan and states having coasts opposite or adjacent to those of pakistan. Whereas clause 2 of article 143 of the constitution provides.
Territorial waters the sovereignty of pakistan extends and has always extended to the territorial waters of pakistan hereinafter referred to. Pakistan will measure the breadth of its territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive. Unclos sections the oceans, splitting marine areas into five main zones, each with a different legal status. The territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1976 act no. The territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1976 act. The territorial waters and maritime zones act, 1974. The breadth of this territorial sea 2 was never definitively settled despite codification attempts in 1930, 1958, and 1960. The continental shelf of pakistan, hereinafter referred to as the continental shelf, shall comprise the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond the limit of the territorial waters of pakistan throughout the natural prolongation of the land territory of pakistan to the outer edge of the continental margin or where the outer edge of the continental margin does not extend up. The federal government may cause the baseline referred to in subsection 3 of section 2, the limits of the territorial waters, the contiguous zone, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone and the maritime boundaries as settled by agreements referred to in section 8 to be published in charts. In 1976 india enacted the territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones act, 1976 that followed its incorporation in article 297 of chapter iii, part xii of the constitution with the introduction of the concept of the.
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